Towards an Automatic Microservices Manager for Hybrid Cloud Edge Environments

Cloud computing came to make computing resources easier to access thus helping a faster deployment of applications/services benefiting from the scalability provided by the service providers. It has been registered an exponential growth of the data volume received by the cloud. This is due to the fact that almost every device used in everyday life are connected to the internet sharing information in a global scale (ex: smartwatches, clocks, cars, industrial equipment’s). Increasing the data volume results in an increased latency in client applications resulting in the degradation of the QoS (Quality of service). With these problems, hybrid systems were born by integrating the cloud resources with the various edge devices between the cloud and edge, Fog/Edge computation. These devices are very heterogeneous, with different resources capabilities (such as memory and computational power), and geographically distributed. Software architectures also evolved and microservice architecture emerged to make application development more flexible and increase their scalability. The Microservices architecture comprehends decomposing monolithic applications into small services each one with a specific functionality and that can be independently developed, deployed and scaled. Due to their small size, microservices are adquate for deployment on Hybrid Cloud/Edge infrastructures. However, the heterogeneity of those deployment locations makes microservices’ management and monitoring rather complex. Monitoring, in particular, is essential when considering that microservices may be replicated and migrated in the cloud/edge infrastructure. The main problem this dissertation aims to contribute is to build an automatic system of microservices management that can be deployed in hybrid infrastructures cloud/fog computing. Such automatic system will allow edge enabled applications to have an adaptive deployment at runtime in response to variations inworkloads and computational resources available. Towards this end, this work is a first step on integrating two existing projects that combined may support an automatic system. One project does the automatic management of microservices but uses only an heavy monitor, Prometheus, as a cloud monitor. The second project is a light adaptive monitor. This thesis integrates the light monitor into the automatic manager of microservices.A computação na Cloud surgiu como forma de simplificar o acesso aos recursos computacionais, permitindo um deployment mais rápido das aplicações e serviços como resultado da escalabilidade suportada pelos provedores de serviços. Computação na cloud surgiu para facilitar o acesso aos recursos de computação provocando um facultamento no deployment de aplicações/serviços sendo benéfico para a escalabilidade fornecida pelos provedores de serviços. Tem-se registado um crescimento exponencial do volume de data que é recebido pela cloud. Este aumento deve-se ao facto de quase todos os dispositivos utilizados no nosso quotidiano estarem conectados à internet (exemplos destes são, relogios, maquinas industriais, carros). Este aumento no volume de dados resulta num aumento da latência para as aplicações cliente, resultando assim numa degradação na qualidade de serviço QoS. Com estes problemas, nasceram os sistemas híbridos, nascidos pela integração dos recursos de cloud com os variados dispositivos presentes no caminho entre a cloud e a periferia denominando-se computação na Edge/Fog (Computação na periferia). Estes dispositivos apresentam uma grande heterogeneidade e são geograficamente muito distribuídos. As arquitecturas dos sistemas também evoluíram emergindo a arquitectura de micro serviços que permitem tornar o desenvolvimento de aplicações não só mais flexivel como para aumentar a sua escalabilidade. A arquitetura de micro serviços consiste na decomposição de aplicações monolíticas em pequenos serviços, onde cada um destes possuí uma funcionalidade específica e que pode ser desenvolvido, lançado e migrado de forma independente. Devido ao seu tamanho os micro serviços são adequados para serem lançados em ambientes de infrastructuras híbridas (cloud e periferia). No entanto, a heterogeneidade da localização para serem lançados torna a gestão e monitorização de micro serviços bastante mais complexa. A monitorização, em particular, é essencial quando consideramos que os micro serviços podem ser replicados e migrados nestas infrastruturas de cloud e periferia (Edge). O problema abordado nesta dissertação é contribuir para a construção de um sistema automático de gestão de micro serviços que podem ser lançados em estruturas hibridas. Este sistema automático irá tornar possível às aplicações que estão na edge possuírem um deploy adaptativo enquanto estão em execução, como resposta às variações dos recursos computacionais disponíveis e suas cargas. Para chegar a este fim, este trabalho será o primeiro passo na integração de dois projectos já existentes que, juntos poderão suportar umsistema automático. Umdeles realiza a gestão automática de micro serviços mas utiliza apenas o Prometheus como monitor na cloud, enquanto o segundo projecto é um monitor leve adaptativo. Esta tese integra então um monitor leve com um gestor automático de micro serviços

CONHECIMENTOS TRADICIONAIS, CARTOGRAFIA SOCIAL E CURRÍCULO

Este artigo apresenta como uma experiencia de construção de cartografia social, elaborada com estudantes indígenas Guarani Mbya do Curso de Ensino Médio com Habilitação em Magistério Indígena, possibilitou reflexões e olhares outros na perspectiva de diálogo entre conhecimentos escolares e os conhecimentos tradicionais sobre território, língua e cultura. O curso é realizado a partir de um Acordo de Cooperação Técnica assinado entre a Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Rio de Janeiro - SEEDUC-RJ - e o Instituto de Educação de Angra dos Reis - IEAR - da Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF. A partir de Oficinas de Cartografia Social para a reorientação curricular do Colégio Indígena Estadual Guarani Karai Kuery Renda – CIEGKKR, os estudantes Mbya construíram um material digital que fomentou importantes reflexões sobre o território, assim como um rico material didático interdisciplinar

Sobre a Interpolação e o Uso nas Atividades do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Astronomia

Astronomy represents an area of scientific knowledge that constantly works with numericaldata, derived from observations (spectroscopy, photometry, polarimetry) or from physical-mathematical models. Therefore, analyzing and interpreting data of a scientific nature ob-tained from graphs and/or tables represents a very common task for the astronomer. Often,there is a need to know, for example, the coordinate of an object for a certain date (year,month, day, hour, minute and second) of observation. In other cases, during the acquisi-tion phase, extraneous processes can happen and cause the partial or total commitment ofthe desired astronomical information, which can harm a later analysis (local or global) ofthe phenomenon studied. As the Interpolation method represents a topic of study that ispart of the training process for future Masters of the Postgraduate Program in Astronomy,Professional Master’s in Astronomy (MPASTRO) of the Physics Department of UEFS, weconsider it appropriate to present a small contribution on the Interpolation method in thecontext of Astronomy. An analysis is also carried out on the skills provided for in the BNCC(National Curricular Common Base).A Astronomia representa uma área do conhecimento científico que trabalha constantemente com dados numéricos, oriundos de observações (espectroscopia, fotometria, polarimetria) ou de modelos físico-matemáticos. Portanto, analisar e interpretar dados de natureza científica obtidos a partitr da leitura de gráficos e/ou tabelas representa uma tarefa bastante comum para o(a) astrônomo(a). Muitas vezes, existe a necessidade de se conhecer, por exemplo, a coordenada de um objeto para uma certa data (ano, mês, dia, hora, minuto e segundo) de observação. Em outros casos, durante a fase de aquisição, processos alheios podem acontecer e ocasionar o comprometimento, parcial ou total, da informação astronômica desejada, o que pode prejudicar uma posterior análise (local ou global) do fenômeno estudado. Como o método de Interpolação representa um tema de estudo que faz parte do processo de formação dos futuros mestres do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Astronomia, Mestrado Profissional em Astronomia (MPASTRO) do Departamento de Física da UEFS, julgamos apropriado apresentar uma pequena contribuição sobre o método de Interpolação no contexto da Astronomia. Uma análise também é feita nas habilidades previstas na BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

PRODUÇÃO DE MATERIAL DIDÁTICO EM ENSINO DE QUÍMICA NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DAS LINHAS DE PESQUISA CAPES E CNPq

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo sobre as linhas e grupos de pesquisa em Produção de Material Didático em Ensino de Química no Brasil, uma área relativamente recente nos grupos de pesquisa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), entre o período de 2009 e 2014, visando saber quais IES tem esta linha e quais os seus objetivos, com base nos dados obtidos no Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq e no relatório de Programa de Pós-Graduação que é enviado à CAPES. A pesquisa realizada constatou que o número de linhas de pesquisas na área de Produção de Material Didático em Ensino de Química é muito pequeno no nosso país, apesar do crescimento em pesquisas na área em questão, nos últimos anos. Ao todo, só existem quatorze linhas nessa área. Dessa forma, verifica-se a necessidade de haver mais linhas de pesquisa em Produção em Material Didático em Ensino de Química, para que haja mais auxílio ao professor em sala de aula